My Ideal Wife Essay Example

My Ideal Wife Essay My Ideal WifeA Descriptive Essay A popular saying goes, Marriage involves three rings: the engagement ring, the wedding ring, and the suffering. If it is commonly felt that marriage is so difficult, why do most people wish to get married? Probably, the instinct to find a mate is inherent in human beings; and I am no exception. Somehow, I believe that there is someone out there who was made especially for me, and, once I find her, we will fall in love, and get married; and only then will I feel complete. So, how will I recognize the right girl for me? What qualities should I be looking for? It is very important to have a person you can always rely on. I want my wife to be this person. She would be tightly connected with my life. I want to wake up by her tender kiss. The first thing I would see would be her smiling face. She would make a breakfast for us. We would call each other from time to time during all day. In the evening I want to have dinner with her, cooked by her, and fall asleep holding my arms around her. First of all, my future wife should be my best friend. I want to share all my troubles, sorrows and dreams with her. We will write a custom essay sample on My Ideal Wife specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Ideal Wife specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Ideal Wife specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She would never let me down and I could always rely on her. Secondly, I want my wife to be my partner. Everything would be common for us: our children, our house, our money, and duties. And we would have to make important decisions together. They should be sensible and reasonable. Also, we should trust each other. Next, I want to have a good mother for my future children. She should be warm-hearted, gentle, understanding, and sometimes strict with them because a mother plays more important role in bringing up children than a man does. I wish my children were worthy members of modern society. Then, my wife should be an elegant and a good-looking woman. I want her to have smartness and beauty combined. Nowadays it is quite difficult to find a girl who is smart and beautiful at the same time but I will do my best to find her. Character is more important than looks. I cannot deny that I am attracted to good-looking girls, but marrying solely for physical attraction will probably lead to short term pleasure but life-long regret. I have also noticed that beautiful women are often vain and rrogant, which I find most unattractive. One of the main things that I admire in a woman is humility. Such a woman will not boast about her wealth, intelligence or achievements, but, instead appreciate other peoples abilities and achievements. She will also readily admit when she has made a mistake. Such a woman would be a joy to live with. Good communication is the key to any solid relationship, most of all, marriage. I would want my future wife to share her thoughts with me. I want to hear her dreams and to share in her struggles. On the other hand, I will also need someone who will be ready to listen to me, and interested to know what is happening in my life. There should be no secrets between us. Life is full of challenges. We can expect to face failure as well as success; heartache as well as joy; boredom as well as excitement. So, the perfect wife should have a positive attitude and a good sense of humour. She should be witty and say things which make me laugh. The perfect wife would also be one who can see the silver lining behind every cloud, rather than focus on the flaws in every situation. With such a woman, I will be encouraged to look at life in a happier and more positive way. Above all other qualities, the perfect wife will be faithful. She must be someone who really believes in that marriage is made to last till death do us part. She will be totally committed to our relationship, and willing to stay for the long haul, in sickness and in health, for better or for worse; as couples promise in the wedding vows. The perfect wife would not be distracted by other men; not even when I have lost my looks. He would be a one man woman. In return, I will also promise my total loyalty and faithfulness to my future wife. Actually, there are many other qualities that make a woman an ideal wife. However, while it is easy to make lists, finding a woman to live up to them will be very difficult. Furthermore, instead of focusing on my requirements for the perfect wife, I think I should recognize my own imperfections, and set about correcting them. As Barnett Brickner said, Success in marriage does not come merely through finding the right mate, but through being the right mate. | |

Free Essays on Research

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 General Discussion â€Å"The development of the motor vehicle industry in Australia had been the result of government intervention and directives rather than entrepreneurial skills applied in a free market† (www.ibisworld.com.au). The industry was characterised by a large amount of assistance such as the protectionist policies which began in 1902, five years after the first car was built. There were high tariff levels of 57.5 percent as well as import quotas of 20 percent (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). The federal government decided that it wanted a complete car manufactured in Australia so in 1944, this challenge was taken up by General Motors, Holden Limited. Twenty years after, the government made an announcement about the Australian made vehicle (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1985, there was another policy adopted by the Australian car industry. It was known as the Button Plan and the main objective of the plan was to reduce the number of manufacturers from five to three and to expose the industry to more competition by phasing down import tariffs (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1996, there was a reduction of tariffs to 25.0 percent (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1976, there were two new manufacturers in the motor vehicle industry of Australia. They were AMI Toyota and Nissan. Due to their entry into the market, production costs increased. In 1984 and 1985, the production sector recorded profits on the domestic Profitability on Passenger motor vehicle (PMV). However, in 1986, there were significant losses and downfall in the domestic market for PMVs (www.ibisworld.com.au). Ford and Mitsubishi recorded profits, while Holden and AMI Toyota had a big loss. The motor vehicle sector itself made a loss of $224 million in 1990 (www.ibisworld.com.au). Although sales declined in 1986 and 1987, investment expenditure continued to increase till 1988 when the level of investment fell due to the completion of the... Free Essays on Research Free Essays on Research 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 General Discussion â€Å"The development of the motor vehicle industry in Australia had been the result of government intervention and directives rather than entrepreneurial skills applied in a free market† (www.ibisworld.com.au). The industry was characterised by a large amount of assistance such as the protectionist policies which began in 1902, five years after the first car was built. There were high tariff levels of 57.5 percent as well as import quotas of 20 percent (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). The federal government decided that it wanted a complete car manufactured in Australia so in 1944, this challenge was taken up by General Motors, Holden Limited. Twenty years after, the government made an announcement about the Australian made vehicle (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1985, there was another policy adopted by the Australian car industry. It was known as the Button Plan and the main objective of the plan was to reduce the number of manufacturers from five to three and to expose the industry to more competition by phasing down import tariffs (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1996, there was a reduction of tariffs to 25.0 percent (www.ibisworld.com.au). In 1976, there were two new manufacturers in the motor vehicle industry of Australia. They were AMI Toyota and Nissan. Due to their entry into the market, production costs increased. In 1984 and 1985, the production sector recorded profits on the domestic Profitability on Passenger motor vehicle (PMV). However, in 1986, there were significant losses and downfall in the domestic market for PMVs (www.ibisworld.com.au). Ford and Mitsubishi recorded profits, while Holden and AMI Toyota had a big loss. The motor vehicle sector itself made a loss of $224 million in 1990 (www.ibisworld.com.au). Although sales declined in 1986 and 1987, investment expenditure continued to increase till 1988 when the level of investment fell due to the completion of the...

Auditing - report on the audit of Perfect Pies Lmt Essay

Auditing - report on the audit of Perfect Pies Lmt - Essay Example The company’s reserves have also increased during the current financial year which shows that its investors are considering the company lucrative and are planning to have a long term association with it. The company’s current ratio is also very much stable and presents the fact that the company is utilizing its resources prudently. We have been appointed as the statutory auditor of the company, for the financial year ended March 31, 2012, in order to express an opinion whether the financial statement of the company are free from any misstatement and represent a true and fair view of the affairs of the company. By analyzing the financial performance of the company in the prior year, and considering the asset base, the company has been classified as SME (small and medium sized entity). The audit methodology, risk coverage and materiality have all been considered and devised which are relevant for the audit of a SME. The materiality has been calculated by averaging out the profit of the current year and prior year and applying a haircut of 5% which is suitable for SMEs. After the completion of the interim audit, no such event was identified which could question that the financial statements of the company are materially misstated. ... Due to uncontrollable circumstances, appropriate test of details could not be performed on the closing stock balance, whereas, the result of the test of details on debtor balance has also highlighted few grey areas. Certain discrepancy has also been observed in the carrying value of the non-current assets. Stocks The period from December to May is the busy season, during which our limited number of staff tries to cater a diverse and complex array of client, it becomes difficult sometimes to provide sufficient number of individual in an audit team to carry out the audit as planned. Due to the mentioned issue, the stock count of Perfect Pies Limited at its Wolverhampton site could not be performed. Audit procedure in such situation was only curtailed to management’s enquiry and placing reliance on the client provided schedule. During the visit to the Wolverhampton site, the audit team acquired the detailed report of the stock from the stock keeper and reconciled the total balanc e as of the report with the carrying value of the stock as reported in the financial statement. The previously mentioned audit procedure is quite successful to acquire comfort over the completeness and valuation of the stock balance. As per the applicable financial reporting framework, stock balance is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Without actually assessing the physical condition of the stock it is not possible to identify he stock item over which the NRV testing should be performed. There’s also a chance that the stock item mentioned in the stock list might not be present at all, thus it is important to count the stock as either ‘tag to floor’ or ‘floor to tag’. Since all of the above procedure could

Opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Opinion - Essay Example ovide the police officers with protection from the retaliation of the surprised residents as they might retaliate in self-defense, to provide the private property with protection from harm, and to safeguard the dignity and privacy of the residents. Considering the details of the Hudson v. Michigan case, it becomes obvious that the police officers did not face retaliation from the residents. They neither damaged any private property of the residents nor harmed the dignity of the residents and particularly Hudson. Although his privacy might be considered intruded into, yet this is balanced out by the fact that Officer Jamal Good did wait for three to five seconds before entering Hudson’s home, which can be considered a reasonable time considering the fact that the investigation was made fundamentally to find drugs and firearms that could have easily been hidden had the police waited any longer. Besides, the knock-and-announce rule was never employed to protect the personal inter est of a resident in hiding the evidence needed by a warrant from the government. If Hudson was granted his appeal, the negative effects of the decision would have far outweighed the positive outcomes and the decision would have led to increased and unreasonable freedom of the convicts in the future cases as well. The criminal procedure in the US is derived from a range of legal sources that include but are not limited to the US Constitution’s baseline protections, state statutes, federal statutes, state and federal rules regarding the criminal procedure, and the federal and state case laws. The criminal procedure in the US has a very rational process of presentation of evidence in which the case is first presented by the prosecution in which the prosecution summarizes its arguments through an opening statement. The defense in turn might wait for the prosecution to complete its presentation of the case completely or might give its opening statement. The prosecution calls upon the

GDP Growth of Apple Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GDP Growth of Apple Company - Essay Example nd services are primarily a luxury good for individuals within relatively developed nations, the focus that Apple should take is upon representing the main focus of their strategy and advertising to those that can afford such products and services. Naturally, this will encourage Apple to take a broad overview of GDP and purchasing power parity that exists within many different economies as a means of understanding what socio-demographic sectors and regions will most likely represent their consumer base. Taking the case of Europe as an example, one might be inclined to understand that the established and powerful Western European economies are the main areas in which Apple should focus its marketing. However, this is not quite the case. Due to the resurgence of Eastern Europe over the past decade, the overall purchasing power of these individuals cannot and should not be discounted. As figure 1 denotes, counties such as Latvia , Lithuania, Estonia, and Poland have noted some of the most drastic GDP growth figures over the past few years. As such, Apple would be highly remiss if it did not recognize these emerging markets and seek to represent a strategic focus on selling products and services to individuals within them. However, with that being said, it should also be noted that the economies of Western Europe cannot and should not be ignored either. As figure 2 denotes, after the 2007/2008 financial collapse that saw most of the world’s economies slow down significantly, Western European nations have posted impressive numbers for overall GDP growth. As such, a dual strategy should be employed by the firm as can be engaged through a relevant understanding of the statistics that have thus far been represented. One such approach would be to offer lower price products and services within the Eastern European markets while offering higher priced goods and service offerings to those individuals within Western Europe. What is being described and defined is not

Examining the history and background of intangible assets

Examining the history and background of intangible assets In the majority of 20th century, tangible assets is considered to be the main source of the commercial value, which include fixed asset such as buildings, land, manufacturing as well as financial assets such as bonds and their valuation. They were shown in the financial statement after valuation which is based on their cost and/or outstanding value. However, it is not mean that people do not recognize or pay any attention on intangible assets, though the specific value of intangible assets is not clear and recorded in the balance sheet. Even now, the priority companys evaluation on profitability and performance is still focus on those assets excluding intangible assets, for example, predicting return on investment, evaluating the value of fixed assets or equity. Because there are no recording value of intangible assets in the accounting book, they are not included in price relative measurements as well, such as price and book value ratio. But in the last 25 years of this century the awareness of creating value for the shareholders changed dramatically, people start to keep eyes on intangible assets and their valuation. Though people do not pay so much attention on the benefit from intangible assets, it is not mean that management of the company are not aware of the importance of such assets. It seems that most of successful businesses are due to successful corporate management of intangible assets such as brands, patents, technology and employees, but still lack of explicit valuation on such assets. Their values are summarized in the whole value of the assets, no any recording Independently. The owners of some major brands, such as Coca-Cola, Procter Gamble and Nestle did do some actives to protect their intangible assets and recognized the importance of their brand, but there were still not intentions on intangibles on the stock market to substitute for investors concerned about their assessment of the value develop from tangible assets. We will discuss some important cases below with evidences to support what I have said above. So this report will trace the history and background of intangible assets(Brands mainly) to look for the answer why intangible assets(Brands mainly) should be recorded Independently in financial report and analysis the benefits by using cases in practice. We will also discuss the manners of brands valuation and the benefits. Those two main contents will be discussed Independently and both are focus on theory and practice. The date and information are researched form internet and some related books. A table will be quoted with proper referencing(see reference). Introduction Structure of the report The main body of the report is consist of six chapters. In chapter one, introduction In chapter two, the theory on reporting brands In chapter three, Benefit from brands in practice In chapter four, The social value of the brand In chapter five, The theory on brand valuation manners In chapter six, the function of brand valuation in practice In chapter seven, conclusion In chapter one, it is about the theory of intangible assets under IAS 38 and FASB. Including, the definition of intangible assets by IAS 38, manner of recognition and measurement of intangibles, useful life of intangibles. It will illustrate gradually which types of intangibles should be recognized on the financial statement and how to valuate from the basic knowledge point. A brief introduction to the theory of three main valuation approaches (income approach, market approach and cost approach) will be involved. In chapter two, I will using three UK companies (Coca-Cola, Amazon and Sony Ericsson ) in different sectors as case studies to show the application of theory to practice and also get feedback by compare those company approach of intangible assets. Aiming to find out the what is the effect recording intangibles in the financial statements has on the interpretation of corporate financial performance. Get the manner how to maintain the asset value of companies brands. In chapter three, I will try to indicate several recommendations base on above expound. Assuming suggest the historical cost of intangible assets are disclosed on the corporate balance sheets while the fair value of intangible assets to be disclosed in financial statements to enable enterprises to reflect a more complete and realistic accounting information. Background to the topic Acquired the brand in the late 20th century, waves of 80 caused a great deal of goodwill accounting standards, the majority can not be a reasonable approach to handling the economy. Transactions led to the goodwill accounting in the debate on the balance sheet, including Nestle Rowntree, United Biscuits acquisition and divestitures Kebler purchase, the Metropolitan made Pillsbury and Danones acquisition of Nabisco European business. The so-called goodwill accounting practice does not involve the growing importance of intangible assets, with the company to make acquisitions they think the punishment is valueenhancing results. They either face the profit and loss account (income statement), or they had to write off the amount of reserves and the end of the acquisition of the asset base than ever before in many cases a large number of lower amortization expense. In countries such as Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand is still possible to recognize the acquisition of identifiable intangible brand value, and proposed the acquisition of these companies balance sheet. This helps solve the problem in good faith. Then, as the brand recognition of intangible assets used by a gray area of accounting, at least in the United Kingdom and France, so companies do not encourage including a balance sheet on the brand, but not unable to do so. In the mid-80s, Reckitt Colman, the British firm, to its Airwick brand, which recently acquired the balance sheet value; major metropolitan area and Smirnov did not brand it as part of the acquisition, with Heublein. At the same time, some newspaper groups to its acquisition of the rise of their balance sheet value. To the late 80s, on the balance sheet was the understanding of brand value within the company led to valuable financial assets, internally generated brands, similar recognition. 1988, Rank Hovis McDougall (RHM), the UKs leading food group, to play their brand of power heavily in the successful defense of Goodman Field Wattie (GFW) hostile takeover bid. RHMs defense strategy includes an exercise to demonstrate the value of RHMs brand portfolio. This is the first to establish an independent brand value, the value of this is possible, not only when they acquired the brand, and when they were created by the company itself. Successfully resisted the bid GFW, RHM in its 1988 financial accounts of the value of all internally generated intangible assets, and get the brand on the balance sheet. In 1989, the London Stock Exchange approved the concept of brand valuation allowed by the RHM shareholders approved the acquisition of intangible assets included in class test. This proved to be a major wave of consumer products companies to promote brand awareness to their balance sheets as intangible brand value. In the UK, including Cadbury, city (when it is 50 billion purchase of Pillsbury), Guinness, Li Bo (when it acquired the Hilton), and United Biscuits (including Smiths brand). Theory on reporting brands The FASB and other accounting bodies have stated that the financial reporting should provide information: that is useful to potential investors and creditors and other users in making rational investment, credit, and similar decisions; that helps current and potential investors, creditors, and other users in assessing the amounts, timing, and uncertainty of prospective cash receipts and net cash inflows to the enterprise; and that describes the economic resources of an enterprise, the claims to those resources, and the effect of transactions, events, and circumstances that change its resources, and claims to those resources (Nearon, 2003). Today, including Louis Vuitton, LOreal, Gucci, Prada and PPR many companies have recognized the acquisition of their balance sheet brand. Some companies already use the brand value and provide historical performance indicators as a financial brand value, as an investor relations tool, the balance sheet of their brand identity. In accounting standards, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand have been allowed to acquired range of leading brands in the balance sheet, and provide information on how to deal with detailed guidelines of goodwill acquired the road. In 1999, the UK Accounting Standards Boards FRS 10 and 11 of the acquired goodwill in the balance sheet treatment. International Accounting Standards Board and International Accounting Standard 38, after the suit. In the spring of 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Board released 141 and 142, giving up centralized accounting and laying about recognition of acquired goodwill in the balance sheet of the detailed rules. There are indications that most of the accounting standards, including international and British Standards, will ultimately converted to the U.S. model. This is because most of the U.S. capital markets to raise capital or business in the United States must abide by international companies with account ing principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). All the main provisions of these accounting standards, the acquisition of goodwill needs to be used on the balance sheet and amortized in accordance with its service life. However, if the brand can claim unlimited life intangible assets not subject to amortization. Instead, companies need to be tested for impairment annually. If the value is higher than the initial valuation of the same or higher in the balance sheet value of assets remains unchanged. If the impairment of the value of low, need to write the assets down to a lower value. The recommended method of valuation is the discounted cash flow (DCF) and the market value approach. Valuation of the need for business unit (or subsidiary), generated revenue and profit performance. Once the acquisition accounting treatment of goodwill is to improve financial reporting for intangible assets such as brand an important step. It is still not enough, because only with goodwill recognized and reported in detail down to a minor footnote account. This has led to distortions, McDonalds brand and does not appear in the companys balance sheet, even though it is estimated to be about 70 percent of total stock market value (see Table 2.1), but the Burger King brand recognition of the balance sheet . There is still a quality brand is recognized in the balance sheet valuation. While some companies use a brand specific valuation methods, other less sophisticated valuation techniques, often doubt values. Financial report on the introduction of line is a long-term enterprise value of the real debate is likely to continue, but if there greater consistency, greater brand assessment approaches and the report of the brand values, corporate asset value will become more transparent mu ch. Benefit from Brands in practice The growing awareness of the value of intangible assets, with companies in the gap between book value and stock market valuations are increasing and the market value of these shares in the merger and acquisitions in the late 80s surge of premium paid. Now, it may be argued that, in general, mostly from the derived value of corporate intangible assets. Asset Management attention will undoubtedly greatly increased. The brand is a special kind of intangible assets, in many enterprises is the most important asset. This is because the economic impact of the brand. They affect the choice of customers, employees, investors and government agencies. In the world of abundant choices, this effect is a commercial success and the key to shareholder value creation. Even as a non-profit organizations have begun to embrace receive donations, sponsors and volunteers the key assets of the brand. Some brands also show a remarkable durability. The worlds most valuable brand, a Coca-Cola is more than 118 years, and the worlds most valuable brand, the majority of more than 60 years. Compared with surviving a string of different business owners, estimated to be 25 years or so.2 average life expectancy of many brands. A number of studies attempt to estimate the contribution of brands to shareholder value. In Interbrand and JP Morgan, a correlation (see Table 2.1) concluded that the average brands account for more than a third of shareholder value. Research shows that brand and create significant value both as a consumer or business brand or both. More than 70 percent of McDonalds shareholder value, brand accounts. Coca-Cola brand accounted for 51 percent of Coca-Cola stock market value. While this is true, the company has other drinks, such as Sprite and Fanta brands of large-scale combinations. Harvard University researchers and South Carolina3 and the Best Global Brands list in the select company Interbrand4 show that companies with strong brand is better than respect for the market in a number of indicators. It also shows that a portfolio from the worlds best brand, brand value was significantly higher than the weighted implementation of the MSCI World Index and the Morgan Stanley Capital International to focus on the S P 500 index better. Today, the key and leading enterprises in the management of intangible assets. For example, the Ford Motor Company to reduce investment in intangible assets, tangible benefit of its asset base. In the past few years, it has spent more than 12 billion U.S. dollars acquisition of Jaguar and other famous brands The social value of the brand The economic value of the brand, its owner is now widely accepted, but their social value is not very clear. Brand building to do any other value than all of them is the value that they create large social costs? 7, the popularity of global brands, so many brands around the world the focus of discontent. They believe that as a brand and exploiting workers in developing countries between the homogenization of culture and other issues directly linked. In addition, the brand has been accused of stifling competition, sully, to encourage monopoly and limit consumer choice of the capitalist system of the United States and Germany. On the contrary argument is that brands create substantial social as well as increasing competition as a result of the economic value of improving product performance and brand owners on the stress behavior of socially responsible way. The basis of race performance, and price, this is the nature of brand competition, and promote product development and improvement. And there is evidence that the promotion of companies than others in their class to do their own brands more often be more innovative in their respective categories. A European brand Association8 European PIMS study showed that fewer brands of products launched less significant investment in the development of small and less than rival brands of product advantages. Almost all of the non-branded half of the sample, compared to product development, nothing more than a brand less than a quarter samples. Though 26 percent of non-branded producers of new products have never made an important, a figure far below a collection of seven percent for the brand. Need to keep the brand relevant R D promotion, increased investment, leading to product improvement and development of the ongoing process. Brand owners are responsible for their quality and brand products and services, and their moral behavior. As the business from the brand value and sales and stock price, the potential costs of the act is far greater than any benefit directly immoral, than the monitoring costs and business ethics. A number of high profile brands have been accused of unethical behavior. Interestingly, these are already developing voluntary codes of conduct and internal control systems use some of the brand. This is not to say that these brands have been successful elimination of the unethical business practices, but at least show their will to address this issue. The gap between the companys more honest to admit that they have the moral behavior of the bridge, they will appear more credible. Nike, a number of suppliers in developing countries, the employment system of the criticism of a company, now post the results and factory workers www.nikebiz.com external audit and interview. The concerns of multinational companies is understandable, taking into account a 5% drop in sales of brand value may result in the loss of more than one billion U.S. dollars. It is in their economic interests of the clear moral. Theory on Brand Valuation Manners Some have always attached importance to the economic value of the degree of brand and other intangible assets, but it is only established in the late 80s the valuation methods may be fairly claim to understand and assess the specific value of the brand. Of: on a single brand values is now widely accepted. For those concerned with accounting, transfer pricing and licensing agreements, mergers and acquisitions valuebased management, brand valuation plays a key role in business today. Brand Valuation approach Unlike such as stocks, bonds, commodities and real estate assets, there is no brand value, will provide similar active market. Therefore, to reach an authoritative and effective way, to the growing number of brand evaluation model. Most fall into two categories: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ research-based brand equity evaluation, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ purely financial-driven approach (1) Research-based approach There are numerous brand equity model, using consumer research to assess the relative performance of the brand. Not to the brands financial value, but they measure consumer behavior and attitudes, there is a brand of economic performance. Although these models are complex and complexity vary, they all tried to explain, explain and measure the impact of consumer behavior point of view. They include: 1, such as different levels of knowledge (foreign aid, finance, spiritual), knowledge, familiarity, relevance, specific image attributes, purchase consideration, preference, satisfaction, perceptions and recommendations of the wide range of measures. Some models add, such as market share and relative price behavior measures. Through different stages and the depth of the statistical model, which measures whether a rank order, to provide from the barrier, leading to a conscious choice and purchase, or relative of their overall consumer concepts, provide an overall score or measure brand equity. A combination of indicators of a change or expected to affect consumer behavior, which in turn would affect the financial value of the brand. However, these methods do not distinguish between, such as other influential factors, design and brand development. Therefore, they did not provide specific sales targets and between the financial performance of the brand a clear link. A strong brand can be the basis of these indicators, but still can not create a financial and shareholder value. Understanding, interpretation and measure of brand equity is essential to assess the brands financial value. After all, they are the key to consumer purchase behavior measures, given the success of the brand. However, unless they are an economic model, they are not sufficient to assess the economic value of the brand. (2) Financial-driven approach Cost-based approach is defined as all historical or replacement costs incurred, so that the current state of the brand needs a brand value of aggregation: in development costs, marketing costs, advertising and other communications costs combined, and so on. These methods fail because there is no direct correlation between financial investment and increase the brand value. Financial investment is the establishment of an important component of brand value, as long as it is targeted effectively. If not, it may not make a difference in beans. Investment demand significantly exceeded the advertising and promotion, including research and development, employee training, packaging and product design, retail design. Factors in brand valuation (1)Comparable. Another method is to reach a whole new thing on the basis of comparison value. However, comparability is difficult in the case of the brand, because, by definition, they should be differentiated, so are not comparable. In addition, in the same category of brand value creation can be very different, even though most other areas, such as the target groups basic business, advertising expenditures, price promotion and distribution channels are similar or identical. Comparable offers an interesting cross-examination, but, even if they can not rely solely on brand valuation. (2)Premium price. In the premium price method, the value of the net premiums of the present value of future price of a brand without the brand through a common command or equivalent. However, the main purpose of many brands is not necessarily to obtain higher prices, but to ensure the highest level of future demand. The value of these brands is to ensure the future generation, rather than the protection of a premium. This applies to a number of durable and non-durable consumer goods. This approach is flawed, because one of the few common brands can compare the premium price equivalents. Today, almost everything is brand, and in some cases can serve as a store brand as a brand producers charge the same or similar prices strong. Competition between brands and product price differentials can be indicators of its strength, but it will not be the only and most important value contribution to the basic operations of a brand. (3)Economic use. This is a driver of brand equity measures or means of financial measures to a complete lack of any financial or marketing component to provide a brand of integrity and strong economic valuation. Economic use method, which in 1988 developed a combination of brand equity and financial measures, and has become the most widely recognized and accepted brand valuation method. It has been used for over 3500 worldwide brand valuation. Economic use is based on the basic marketing and financial principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Marketing principles related to business functions, the implementation of the enterprise brand. First, the brand will help create customer demand. Customers can be individual consumers and businesses under the Consumer The nature of the business and purchase conditions. Customer demand into income through the purchase quantity, price and frequency. Second, brand loyalty and long-term security by buying customers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ related to the financial principles for the future expected net profit, widely used in the commercial concept of present value. The brands future earnings to determine, and then discounted to net present value of the discount rate, reflecting the risk of achieving these gains. Brands valuation steps In order to capture a complex brand value creation, take the following five steps: 1. Market segmentation. Customer brand choice, but the influence of different brands in the market determined the operation. Split brand and market access of non-overlapping homogeneous consumer groups, such as by product or service, sales channels, consumption patterns, purchasing maturity, geography, existing and new customers for the standard, and so on. The value of the brand in each segment and the segment of the valuation of the sum constitutes the total value of the brand. 2. Financial analysis. To identify and forecast revenue and generated by the brand established in step 1 for each different part of the intangible benefits. Intangible income is income minus operating costs, the brand, the use of the applicable tax rates and the cost of capital. This concept is similar to the concept of economic profit. 3. Needs analysis. Assess the role of the brand to play in the promotion of products and markets, the demand for business services, and determine what proportion of intangible earnings is measured as an indicator of the brand is called by the brands target role. This is done by first identifying the business needs of a variety of brand drivers, and then determine to what extent each driver is directly affected brands. The role of branding index represents the brand produced by the percentage of intangible earnings. Proceeds from the sale multiplied by the brand index of the role of intangible benefits. 4. Competitive benchmarking. Decided competitive advantage and disadvantage in brand specific brand derived discount rate, reflecting the expected future earnings of their risk profile (which is measured by an indicator known as the brand strength score). This includes a wide range of competitive benchmarking and market the brand, stable leadership, trends, support, geographic footprint and legal protective structure evaluation. 5. Brand value. Brand value is the net present value of brand earnings, discounted by the brand discount rate forecast (NPV). Net present value calculation includes both the forecast period and a later period, reflect the brands future ability to continue to generate income. A brand valuation of the market in a hypothetical example is shown in Table 2.2. This calculation is a useful model of brand value in various situations, such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Forecast market and investment strategies; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify and evaluate the communication budget; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ calculate the return on investment on the brand; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ assess the opportunities, lack of new or developing markets; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ tracking brand value management. The function of brand valuation in practice The application of brand valuation has been greatly expanded since its founding in 1988, it is the most strategic use of marketing and financial decisions. There are two main types of applications: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Strategic brand management, brand valuation focused on the domestic audience the tools and process management to improve the economic value of the brand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ financial transactions, the brand valuation of brand-related transactions with outside parties, all kinds of help. Strategic Brand Management Economic value of brand awareness, increase brand equity for the effective management of demand. In the pursuit of increasing shareholder value, companies are keen to establish the brand in line with other corporate assets, as well as management procedures throughout the company. Simply because the traditional research-based measurements proved to understand and manage the economic value of less than the brand, the company adopted a new management tool brand value. Brand valuation can help them build brand management valuebased system. As creating economic value of brand management and brand of all the key investment decisions. Diverse, including American Express, IBM, Samsung Electronics, Accenture, United States of America, British Petroleum, Duke Energy Corporation and Fujitsu road brand value, to help them re-focus on its branded business, and create a brand decision-making and investment on economic grounds. Many companies are making the brand value of the remuneration of senior marketing managers to create the part of the standard. Brand valuation of these companies find the following help: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the decision on business investment decisions. By making the brand assets and other tangible and intangible assets, different asset allocation of resources between the types, you can follow the same economic conditions and reasons, for example, capital allocation and return requirements. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Measuring the return on investment on the brand based on brand value in the investment rate of return, you can directly reach relative to other investments. Brand management and marketing service providers, measurable performance goals specifically related to the value of brand equity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ make decisions on brand investment. By priority according to brand, customer base, geographic markets, products or services, their distribution channels, etc., the brand can spread the cost of investment, influence and determine the cause maximum benefit. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ decision making licensing subsidiary of the brand. A subsidiary of the license will be responsible for the management and use of the brand, and asset management to pay more stringent than the one to be free. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ turn into a profit center, from a cost center, connecting brands and brand marketing ROI (from the subsidiarys brand use fee). The relation between investment, the returns from the brand to become transparent and easy to manage. Remuneration and career development of marketing staff can link to the development and brand value measurement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ allocation of marketing costs in the interests of the various business units from the brand equity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organization and optimization, for example, using different brands in the business (corporate, product and subsidiary brands) according to their contribution to the economic value. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ assess the co-branded initiatives according to their economic benefits and risks to the companys brand value. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ determine the appropriate brand after the merger by a clear economic reasons. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Manage the brand more successfully migrate to a different value of the brand as a better understanding of the results, therefore, nothing to lose or get, if the brand migration occurred. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The brand value of building brand value, providing focused, brand performance on the basis of the best understanding of the measures taken action, the driver scorecards. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ managing a brand portfolio across multiple markets. Brand performance and brand investments to assess the basis of comparison with the same combination from brand to improve the overall return. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the economic value of brand communication as appropriate to create a capital market to support share prices and financial assistance. Financial transactions Brand valuation of financial applications include the following: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ assessment of the subsidiary companys brand in the fair trade price. Brand royalty income tax return the way you can to the company headquarters. Brand may authorize the international subsidiaries in the United States, subsidiaries in different countries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ identify the brand of brand equity through brand licensing to third parties the best use of royalty rates. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Capital of the brand balance sheet under U.S. GAAP, international accounting standards and accounting standards in many countryspecific. Brand value is used for both initial and periodic valuation of a derivative of the value of impairment testing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ establish a brand in the mergers and acquisitions, asset prices and the value of clearly defined brand increasing trade. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ determine the contribution of the brand, a joint venture to establish a joint venture distribution of profits, investment demand and stock. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use the brand in debt, the economic exploitation of the brand rights for the mortgage securitization facilities. Conclusion As global competition is becoming increasingly severe, and many competitive advantages, such as technology and become more transient, the brands contribution to shareholder value will increase. The brand is a small number of assets that can provide long-term competitive advantages. <

Things They Carried Essay: The Man I Killed -- Things They Carried Ess

The Man I Killed in The Things They Carried  Ã‚   Much can be interpreted by what people write.   The great thing about interpretations is that different writings can be interpreted differently.   Just like in the writings by Tim O'Brien.   His book titled "The Things They Carried," is a very deep and touching collection of stories about the Vietnam War.   The book is written, as a whole under the title "The Things They Carried," but is a collection of many people’s experiences in this destructive war.   One story that is a touching and very intriguing is titled, "The Man I Killed."   If anyone knows anything about Vietnam it is that many lives where lost in this disastrous war.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All through school students are taught the very top layer of the telling of this war.   Such as dates, places that the war took place, and straight statistics of the war.   The parts that are left out are the tragedies, and the permanent scars the war left.   Students are told about the number of deaths that occurred, but they are not told about the lives that were affected, or how disturbing the war r...